Ship's masters serving on larger merchant vessels or deep water fishing boats spend long periods at sea, which are usually followed by equal time ashore. Those serving on smaller, coastal ships, such as ferries, may return to shore each night. While at sea, a ship's master generally works in shifts, sharing time on duty, or watch, with the ship's other officers, however, they must be prepared to deal with emergency situations which may arise at any time. They generally work in all weather conditions, which can include storms and rough seas. Those working on coastal vessels and other ships which return to port each night, may remain in port during severe weather.

Ship's masters usually work in the cabins and control stations of a ship. They use specialised navigation equipment, such as radar, sonar and satellite navigation, to plot a course and determine their precise location, as well as that of any obstacles. Ships use a range of communication technologies, including radio, morse code and other signalling equipment, such as flags. The ship's master will also need to be familiar with medical and emergency equipment, such as flares, fire fighting equipment and lifesaving equipment.